Electrochemistry
- Determine Products Of Oxidative Cleavage
← Back to Alkenes Cleave the C=C Add O at the end of each dangling C= Check for H bonded to C on C=O (i.e. aldehydes); Add an O to each H directly bonded to C=O (i.e. convert the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid). If the...
- Determine Products Of Electrophilic Addition Reactions
← Back to Alkenes The electrophile (species with + or δ+) is added to the C=C first The electrophile is added to the C with more H (Markonikov’s Rule) Presence of competing nucleophiles can lead to a mixture of products...
- Alkenes
NOTES: Overview Notes TYPES OF QUESTIONS: Determine Products of Electrophilic Addition Reactions Determine Products of Oxidative Cleavage ...
- Reactions
← Back to Organic Chemistry Problem-Solving Approach There are 4 types of questions: Given reactants + products → suggest reagents and conditions Given reactants + reagents → suggest products Given new reaction (Grignard, Killiani-Fishcer,...
- H1 Chemistry Syllabus (2008)
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1. ATOMS, MOLECULES AND STOICHIOMETRY • Relative masses of atoms and molecules • The mole, the Avogadro constant • The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae • Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases) 2....
Electrochemistry
Alkenes (Notes)
← Back to Alkenes
Hydrogenation
- Type of Reaction: Reduction/ Addition
- Hydrogenation is NOT an electrophilic addition reaction; the mechanism is solid state catalysed (adsorption) and does not involve an electrophile.
- Alkenes do not react with NaBH4
Oxidation
- The oxidation of alkenes by KMnO4 will give slightly different products under different conditions (pH, concentration and temperature)
- K2Cr2O7 is not strong enough to oxidise alkenes
| Hot | Cold | |
| Products | Cleavage of C=C → ketones, carboxylic acids, CO2 | Addition of –OH across C=C → vincinal diol |
| Acidic | Alkaline | |
| Products | Cold → diols Hot → ketones, carboxylic acids, CO2 | Cold → diols Hot → ketones, carboxylates, CO32– * |
| Observations | Purple to colourless (Mn2+) | Purple to brown ppt (MnO2) |
* Under alkaline KMnO4 conditions, students commonly forget to deprotonate the acidic groups.
- Determine Products Of Oxidative Cleavage
← Back to Alkenes Cleave the C=C Add O at the end of each dangling C= Check for H bonded to C on C=O (i.e. aldehydes); Add an O to each H directly bonded to C=O (i.e. convert the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid). If the...
- Determine Products Of Electrophilic Addition Reactions
← Back to Alkenes The electrophile (species with + or δ+) is added to the C=C first The electrophile is added to the C with more H (Markonikov’s Rule) Presence of competing nucleophiles can lead to a mixture of products...
- Alkenes
NOTES: Overview Notes TYPES OF QUESTIONS: Determine Products of Electrophilic Addition Reactions Determine Products of Oxidative Cleavage ...
- Reactions
← Back to Organic Chemistry Problem-Solving Approach There are 4 types of questions: Given reactants + products → suggest reagents and conditions Given reactants + reagents → suggest products Given new reaction (Grignard, Killiani-Fishcer,...
- H1 Chemistry Syllabus (2008)
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1. ATOMS, MOLECULES AND STOICHIOMETRY • Relative masses of atoms and molecules • The mole, the Avogadro constant • The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae • Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases) 2....